The marina has a 5000 psi pressure washer with a turbine thing at the end that swirls the spray. It will take off fresh barnacles pretty well:

There is also a lot of scraping, for the ones that don't wash off and for the ones that are hidden under the straps:

The marina did a pretty good job, all the big stuff was off and I only needed a day to finish up the removal. In a few places the old paint was off down to the zinc chromate, so I spot primed that with Interlux 2000, and then two coats of Trilux 33 with Biolux that did its job for the first six months or so.
This is how it is in Florida, ask Sorry Dog, he knows.
1975 32' Flybridge Sedan, twin Perkins 6-354 diesels, 1:1.53 velvetdrives, 16 X 19 props. Merritt Island, Florida