I have been using WEST system epoxy with microballoons as a filler for years. It sticks, sands well, and leaves a good surface for primer. Under no circumstances use a polyester based resin, get two-part epoxy.
Several companies make high-build, sandable, epoxy primer. Make sure it is all three. I use Petit usually but Interlux makes a good primer too, I just get a better price on Petit.
1975 32' Flybridge Sedan, twin Perkins 6-354 diesels, 1:1.53 velvetdrives, 16 X 19 props. Merritt Island, Florida